{"id":451,"date":"2020-06-09T10:39:52","date_gmt":"2020-06-09T10:39:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/enjust.net\/?p=451"},"modified":"2023-02-28T10:56:55","modified_gmt":"2023-02-28T10:56:55","slug":"artistic-research-photo-installations-by-hamburg-photographer-barbara-dombrowski-with-texts-by-kiel-geographer-silja-klepp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/enjust.net\/de\/artistic-research-photo-installations-by-hamburg-photographer-barbara-dombrowski-with-texts-by-kiel-geographer-silja-klepp\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fcnstlerische Forschung: Fotoinstallationen der Hamburger Fotografin Barbara Dombrowski mit Texten der Kieler Geografin Silja Klepp"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Im Sommer 2018 reiste die Fotografin Barbara Dombrowski auf die s\u00fcdpazifischen Inseln Kiribati und Rarotonga. Die Reise war sowohl der Abschluss ihres Fotozyklus &#8222;Tropic Ice_Dialog zwischen vom Klimawandel betroffenen Orten&#8220; als auch der Ausgangspunkt f\u00fcr einen Zyklus spektakul\u00e4rer Installationen, die auf den Klimawandel und seine Folgen f\u00fcr Kultur und Ureinwohner auf f\u00fcnf Kontinenten aufmerksam machen sollen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0284-1-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"369\" height=\"554\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0284-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"246\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=246#main\" class=\"wp-image-246\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0284-1-1.jpg 369w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0284-1-1-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 369px) 100vw, 369px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9309.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"369\" height=\"554\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9309.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"249\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9309.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=249#main\" class=\"wp-image-249\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9309.jpg 369w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9309-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 369px) 100vw, 369px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0649.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"369\" height=\"554\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0649.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"247\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=247#main\" class=\"wp-image-247\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0649.jpg 369w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0649-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 369px) 100vw, 369px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9298-2-1024x683-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-248\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9298-2-1024x683-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9298-2-1024x683-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9298-2-1024x683-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Die Bilder des kiribatischen Archipels stehen in engem Zusammenhang mit den Forschungen der Kieler Geographin Silja Klepp. Die Professorin f\u00fcr Soziale Dynamik in K\u00fcsten- und Meeresregionen an der Universit\u00e4t Kiel hat dort mehrere l\u00e4ngere Forschungsaufenthalte verbracht, bei denen sie sich mit den sozialen und kulturellen Folgen des Klimawandels besch\u00e4ftigte und Fragen der Klimamigration und -anpassung untersuchte.<br>Die Bilder des kiribatischen Archipels sind eng mit der Forschung der Kieler Geografin Silja Klepp verkn\u00fcpft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Die Ausstellung zeigt einen Auszug aus der Dokumentation von Barbara Dombrowskis Reise und Silja Klepps pers\u00f6nliche Kontakte und Forschungsorte. Die Ausstellung dokumentiert, wie die Menschen auf den s\u00fcdpazifischen Inseln vom Klimawandel betroffen sind, welche Anpassungsma\u00dfnahmen sie ergriffen haben und welche Strategien sie verfolgen, um Migration zu vermeiden und zu Fl\u00fcchtlingen zu werden. Neben den Fotoinstallationen veranschaulichen die Texte von Silja Klepp die Herausforderungen, denen sich die mit dem Klimawandel lebende Bev\u00f6lkerung gegen\u00fcbersieht und zu deren Folgen, wie zum Beispiel dem Anstieg des Meeresspiegels, sie am wenigsten beigetragen hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0295-1-683x1024-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"250\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=250#main\" class=\"wp-image-250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0295-1-683x1024-1.jpg 683w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0295-1-683x1024-1-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0484-1-683x1024-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"252\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0484-1-683x1024-2.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=252#main\" class=\"wp-image-252\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0484-1-683x1024-2.jpg 683w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0484-1-683x1024-2-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Die Ausstellung &#8222;Klimagerechtigkeit in Kiribati&#8220; ist Teil des interdisziplin\u00e4ren Workshops &#8222;Narratives and practices of environmental justice&#8220; an der Universit\u00e4t Kiel, der rund 60 internationale Wissenschaftler zusammenf\u00fchrt, um grundlegende Fragen der Umweltgerechtigkeit aus verschiedenen wissenschaftlichen Perspektiven zu diskutieren. Der Workshop wird von Silja Klepp, Florian D\u00fcnckmann und Jonas Hein vom Geographischen Institut organisiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gleichzeitig ist die Veranstaltung der Startschuss f\u00fcr das neue &#8222;Enjust Network for Environmental Justice&#8220; an der Universit\u00e4t Kiel, das k\u00fcnftig eine Schnittstelle zwischen Wissenschaft, Politik und Gesellschaft bilden wird. Dar\u00fcber hinaus werden Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler des Geographischen Instituts, des Fachbereichs Philosophie, des Fachbereichs Umweltethik, des Fachbereichs Rechtswissenschaft, des Fachbereichs Sinologie und des Fachbereichs Politik- und Sozialwissenschaften an dem Projekt mitwirken und ein breites interdisziplin\u00e4res Forschungsumfeld f\u00fcr das Themenfeld bilden. Die Ausstellung soll dazu beitragen, verschiedene Menschen miteinander in Dialog zu bringen, um sich \u00fcber Fragen der Klimagerechtigkeit auszutauschen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Klimagerechtigkeit in Kiribati, Ozeanien<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Die Republik Kiribati ist ein Inselstaat im zentralen Pazifik, der aus 32 Atollen besteht und rund 110.000 Einwohner hat. Ungleichheiten auf verschiedenen Ebenen im Zusammenhang mit dem globalen Klimawandel wirken sich nachteilig auf Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder wie die Republik Kiribati aus. Die Einwohner Kiribatis tragen wenig Verantwortung f\u00fcr den anthropogenen Klimawandel, da ihre Pro-Kopf-Emissionen gering sind; dennoch sind sie stark von tats\u00e4chlichen und erwarteten Umweltver\u00e4nderungen betroffen. Das Konfliktpotential der Klimagerechtigkeitsdebatten zeigt sich besonders deutlich in den Diskursen \u00fcber die Zusammenh\u00e4nge zwischen Klimawandel und Mobilit\u00e4t. L\u00e4nder wie Kiribati werden oft als die ersten Opfer des Klimawandels wahrgenommen und m\u00fcssen mit der zuk\u00fcnftigen Unbewohnbarkeit ihres Territoriums rechnen. Solche L\u00e4nder beanspruchen globale und regionale Solidarit\u00e4t, um sie bei der Suche nach Minderungsbem\u00fchungen, Anpassungsfinanzierung und angemessenen langfristigen L\u00f6sungen f\u00fcr potenzielle Klimamigranten zu unterst\u00fctzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1672-1-1024x683-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"253\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=253#main\" class=\"wp-image-253\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1672-1-1024x683-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1672-1-1024x683-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1672-1-1024x683-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0207-2-1024x683-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"254\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0207-2-1024x683-1.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=254#main\" class=\"wp-image-254\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0207-2-1024x683-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0207-2-1024x683-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0207-2-1024x683-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Einige Umweltver\u00e4nderungen finden bereits statt, wie z.B. st\u00e4rkere und h\u00e4ufigere Sturmfluten, K\u00fcstenerosion und die Versalzung von S\u00fc\u00dfwasserquellen und landwirtschaftlichen Fl\u00e4chen. Obwohl der vorhergesagte Anstieg des Meeresspiegels globale, regionale und lokale Variablen ber\u00fccksichtigen muss, die diese Vorhersagen erschweren, werden pazifische Inselstaaten wie die Republik Kiribati, Tuvalu und die Marshall-Inseln als besonders gef\u00e4hrdet eingestuft. Einige dieser Inseln liegen weniger als einen Meter \u00fcber dem Meeresspiegel und haben dicht besiedelte K\u00fcstengebiete. Es wird erwartet, dass der Meeresspiegel bis zum Jahr 2100 um 124 cm ansteigt, und einige Forscher sagen sogar einen Anstieg um 200 cm voraus. Umweltver\u00e4nderungen k\u00f6nnten die Inseln auf lange Sicht unbewohnbar machen und die Souver\u00e4nit\u00e4t einiger Atollstaaten bedrohen. Der Zeitpunkt und die Vorhersagen bez\u00fcglich der genauen Auswirkungen bleiben ungewiss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-4 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1944-1024x683-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"255\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=255#main\" class=\"wp-image-255\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1944-1024x683-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1944-1024x683-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1944-1024x683-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1750-1-1024x683-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"256\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1750-1-1024x683-1.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=256#main\" class=\"wp-image-256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1750-1-1024x683-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1750-1-1024x683-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1750-1-1024x683-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Along with profound socio-economic problems and few opportunities for financing adaptation measures, Kiribati suffers from additional structural inequalities on various levels. These include for example, the impacts of colonization, including unsustainable phosphor exploitation, which displaced people in the 1940s as well as limited access to resources and social services. The participation and arrangement opportunities in international as well as regional political negotiations are also restricted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the global and regional level, the government of Kiribati is part of the large transnational movement for climate justice, which focuses on human rights and the cultural and environmental rights of indigenous peoples and minorities. The activities of this movement are often initiated by NGOs. For example, the network Climate Justice Now! was created in the frame of the UNFCCC negotiations in 2007 in Bali by more than 30 NGOs and grassroots organizations. The Peoples Agreement, created at the Peoples congress 2010 in Bolivia, demands far reaching rights of self-determination such as access to water, land rights and food production \u00e2\u20ac\u0153through forms of production that are in harmony with Mother Earth and appropriate to local cultural ontexts\u00e2\u20ac\u009d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-5 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9545-1024x683-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"257\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=257#main\" class=\"wp-image-257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9545-1024x683-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9545-1024x683-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9545-1024x683-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0678-1024x683-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"258\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0678-1024x683-1.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=258#main\" class=\"wp-image-258\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0678-1024x683-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0678-1024x683-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_0678-1024x683-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Inspired by similar thoughts and taking the post-colonial setting of Oceania into account, a growing number of voices in the Pacific area, in the context of the debates around climate justice, are calling for a new, transnational solidarity and unity to reduce the effects of climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-6 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9402-1024x683-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"260\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=260#main\" class=\"wp-image-260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9402-1024x683-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9402-1024x683-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9402-1024x683-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9391-1-1024x683-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"261\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9391-1-1024x683-1.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=261#main\" class=\"wp-image-261\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9391-1-1024x683-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9391-1-1024x683-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9391-1-1024x683-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The dynamic discussions on climate justice show that the negotiation process in Kiribati and Oceania concerns itself with concrete, local, social and connective questions around climate justice. It includes decidedly migration-friendly perspectives and some actors are promoting a postcolonial questioning of national borders. In particular, climate justice must be linked to important post-colonial arguments concerning the political nature of the crisis faced by islands such as Kiribati. This applies to the debates and research around climate change and migration as well as to discussions and studies of adaptation to anthropogenic climate change. It must underline the call for mitigation efforts of industrialized countries and their support in financing climate change adaptation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Based on texts written by Silja Klepp (Kiel University).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mangrove planting as coastal protection and adaptation to climate change \u00e2\u20ac\u201c a community activity in Ambo, Kiribati<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-7 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9783-1024x683-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"262\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=262#main\" class=\"wp-image-262\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9783-1024x683-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9783-1024x683-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9783-1024x683-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"554\" height=\"369\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9442.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"263\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9442.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=263#main\" class=\"wp-image-263\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9442.jpg 554w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9442-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 554px) 100vw, 554px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The women that plant mangroves in the Lagoon of South Tarawa, in the village of Ambo, are part of the Kiribati Climate Action Network (KiriCan). They are volunteers. After a long season of planting the saplings in the lagoon, of which only a part will root, the women are having a community party in the Maneba (community house) of Ambo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mangrove planting is an anticipatory adaptation action and a so-called soft coastal protection measure. It is undertaken to buffer coastal environments to reduce the vulnerability of coastal communities from the effects of climate change, including more severe storms and sea-level rise. Compared to hard protection measures, like sea walls, it is often more sustainable and provides employment to the communities. Today mangrovs are threatened by anthropogenic climate change and other human activities. Current and future changes in sea-level, storminess, rain, temperature, atmospheric CO2 concentration, ocean circulation patterns can all mean danger to mangroves. To date, climate change has likely been a smaller threat to mangroves compared to clearing for aquaculture, coastal development and pollution of coastal waters. Based on available evidence, of all the climate change outcomes, sea-level rise may be the greatest threat in the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-8 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"554\" height=\"369\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9751.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"265\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9751.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=265#main\" class=\"wp-image-265\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9751.jpg 554w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9751-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 554px) 100vw, 554px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9674-1-1024x683-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"264\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=264#main\" class=\"wp-image-264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9674-1-1024x683-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9674-1-1024x683-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9674-1-1024x683-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Healthy mangrove forests not only mean coastal protection, but a great benefit also comes from the resources provided by mangrove forests. Mangroves perform valuable regional and site-specific functions. Mangrove loss will reduce coastal water quality, reduce biodiversity, eliminate fish and crustacean nursery habitat, adversely affect adjacent coastal habitat, and eliminate a major resource for human communities that rely on mangroves for numerous products and services. Reduced mangrove coverage and health will increase the threat to human safety and shoreline development from coastal hazards such as erosion, flooding, storm waves and surges, and tsunami, as some scientists have observed following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-9 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9670-1-683x1024-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"266\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=266#main\" class=\"wp-image-266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9670-1-683x1024-1.jpg 683w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9670-1-683x1024-1-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9690-1-683x1024-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"267\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9690-1-683x1024-1.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=267#main\" class=\"wp-image-267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9690-1-683x1024-1.jpg 683w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9690-1-683x1024-1-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Mangrove ecosystems were able to persist through the quaternary despite substantial disruptions from large sea-level fluctuations, demonstrating that mangroves are highly resilient to change over historic time scales. However, over the coming decades, mangrove vulnerability and responses to climate change will be highly influenced by anthropogenic disturbances. Mangrove cover on Pacific Islands have been reduced substantially in recent years. Adaptation measures like mangrove planting can offset anticipated mangrove losses and improve resistance and resilience to climate change. Coastal planning can adapt to facilitate mangrove migration with sea-level rise. With the replanting of mangroves and trees, it is hoped that South Tarawa, the capital and urban aggregation of Kiribati, will be protected from sea level rise, and king tides, as well as acting as future sources of fuelwood and building construction materials and fish breeding grounds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-10 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9435-1024x683-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"270\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9435-1024x683-1.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=270#main\" class=\"wp-image-270\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9435-1024x683-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9435-1024x683-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9435-1024x683-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"554\" height=\"369\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9442-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"268\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=268#main\" class=\"wp-image-268\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9442-1.jpg 554w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9442-1-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 554px) 100vw, 554px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Based on texts written by Eric L. Gilman (IUCN, Global Marine Programme, Honolulu, USA) and Alia Levine and Bonnie Flaws (Dev-Zone, Wellington, New Zealand).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Climate change adaptation gone wrong: The case of sea walls in Kiribati<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Islands are recognized as uniquely exposed to climate change, now and in the future. Anthropogenic climate change challenges for island inhabitants include issues of water security, salinization of groundwater, stronger tropical-cyclone impacts and shoreline erosion and coastal flooding due to sea-level rise. Kiribati consists of 32 coral atolls and reef islands, as well as the raised limestone island Banaba. Current studies suggest that two thirds of the land are less than 2 m above mean sea level and maximum elevations are roughly 3 m. Adding to the risks for island communities created by anthropogenic climate change are a multitude of socio-economic vulnerabilities in Small Island Development States, such as Kiribati. These vulnerabilities are linked to the (post)-colonial structures and dependencies that persist, in various forms, until today. Among other factors, colonialism and globalization processes brought a change in lifestyles and a loss of local ecological knowledge and adaptation possibilities Island Style\u009d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-11 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1647-1024x683-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"271\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=271#main\" class=\"wp-image-271\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1647-1024x683-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1647-1024x683-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1647-1024x683-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1727-1024x683-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"272\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1727-1024x683-1.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=272#main\" class=\"wp-image-272\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1727-1024x683-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1727-1024x683-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1727-1024x683-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Coastal protection measures can be well suited to immediately protect coastal assets from inundation and protect from land loss during high water events. They can be divided into three categories: hard protection measures, soft measures, and retreat or migration. Hard measures include land reclamation and physical barriers like sea walls. Sea walls in Kiribati are normally built from coral rock, sand bags and concrete blocks. They represent most of the engineered coastal structures in South Tarawa, the capital of Kiribati. Most solutions for climate-change adaptation in Kiribati have been short-term, reflecting a dependence on project based and limited assistance from donor countries and a preference by consultants, engineers and many I-Kiribati for visible, technical solutions\u009d. In Kiribati, there is rarely sufficient data to adequately inform the design and positioning of protective structures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-12 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9474-1-1024x683-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"274\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=274#main\" class=\"wp-image-274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9474-1-1024x683-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9474-1-1024x683-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9474-1-1024x683-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9461-1-1024x683-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"273\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=273#main\" class=\"wp-image-273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9461-1-1024x683-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9461-1-1024x683-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9461-1-1024x683-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-13 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9140-1-1024x683-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"276\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=276#main\" class=\"wp-image-276\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9140-1-1024x683-2.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9140-1-1024x683-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9140-1-1024x683-2-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9137-1-1024x683-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"277\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9137-1-1024x683-1.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/?attachment_id=277#main\" class=\"wp-image-277\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9137-1-1024x683-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9137-1-1024x683-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9137-1-1024x683-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Sea walls that are built in a wrong way, with cheap material and potentially in the wrong location can have disastrous consequences, invariably marked by the degradation of structures like sea walls and irreversible negative impacts. These impacts range from beach narrowing and beach loss to nearshore ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss, which might also threaten food security for coastal inhabitants. Expensive, hard measures require regular maintenance; which is rarely provided by international cooperation that pays for the structures. There are so many broken, aid-funded sea walls, roads, and water systems in South Tarawa that a report labeled the atoll a &#8222;graveyard of shortlived infrastructure investments&#8220;\u009d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1037-1024x683-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-278\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1037-1024x683-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1037-1024x683-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DSC1037-1024x683-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9410-1-1024x683-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-279\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9410-1-1024x683-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9410-1-1024x683-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/enjust.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MG_9410-1-1024x683-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Research shows that traditional knowledge and coping capacity on islands is likely to help people better adapt to future climate change. In addition to localized knowledge, it is important for those on islands involved in environmental governance to be aware of their unique attributes and specific local and regional environmental contexts. And, maybe most important, is to replace the commonly one-way direction of adaptation measures with genuine interaction in which both external agents and target communities have at least equal say in the design and implementation of adaptation pathways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Based on texts written by Simon Donner (Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada) and Patrick Nunn (University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For further information visit<br><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.barbaradombrowski.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">www.barbaradombrowski.com<\/a><br><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tropic-ice.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">www.tropic-ice.com<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marinesocialscience.uni-kiel.de\/de\">https:\/\/www.marinesocialscience.uni-kiel.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Im Sommer 2018 reiste die Fotografin Barbara Dombrowski auf die s\u00fcdpazifischen Inseln Kiribati und Rarotonga. Die Reise war sowohl der Abschluss ihres Fotozyklus &#8222;Tropic Ice_Dialog zwischen vom Klimawandel betroffenen Orten&#8220; als auch der Ausgangspunkt f\u00fcr einen Zyklus spektakul\u00e4rer Installationen, die auf den Klimawandel und seine Folgen f\u00fcr Kultur und Ureinwohner auf f\u00fcnf Kontinenten aufmerksam machen sollen. Die Bilder des kiribatischen Archipels stehen in engem Zusammenhang mit den Forschungen der Kieler Geographin Silja Klepp. Die Professorin f\u00fcr Soziale Dynamik in K\u00fcsten- und Meeresregionen an der Universit\u00e4t Kiel hat dort mehrere l\u00e4ngere Forschungsaufenthalte verbracht, bei denen sie sich mit den sozialen und&#8230; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":262,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dokumentationen-und-medien"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"de","enabled_languages":["en","de","es"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site 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